Credit Rating

For years, cash was king. Paying with cash was a sign of success and stability. No more. Credit now wears the crown in America . Today, you need a good credit rating to buy a home, to get a good job, or a preferred rate on your homeowner's or life insurance policy. If you are wondering what your credit rating is or where you can find your credit scores, talk to a credit report company and they would have all the information you need. That makes establishing credit and monitoring your credit rating one of the most important financial tasks you face. Fortunately, it's not difficult. But it's just as easy to get off on the wrong foot if you don't know the rules.

Credit issuers have broad leeway to develop their scores based on their experience, provided they don't discriminate against people because of their sex, race, age, religion or national origin. A credit issuer may use age as a criterion of a scoring system if, for example, past experience shows that those in a certain age group are less likely to pay their bills.

The credit scoring process

Credit scoring is a compilation of the lender's experience in issuing credit translated into a scoring system. For that reason, it can be difficult to know precisely how any one lender will judge you. But here are some of the characteristics that will help you get a higher score .

Pay your bills on time! What might trip you up though, is that paying even a few days late puts you in a different category. Same with the mortgage payment. Most mortgages offer a grace period of 10 or 15 days after the due date before your payment is officially late and you're charged a late fee. But for scoring purposes, if you've not paid by your due date, you're late.

Own two to four credit cards . Less is bad; so is more, according to most scoring systems. Also, keep a checking and savings account.

If you have neither, you'll have points deducted from your score.

Keep your debt-to-income ratio under 20 percent.

Make infrequent requests for additional credit. Your credit file shows how many inquiries have been made about you recently from credit issuers. If there have been more than four over the past year, that's a strike against you.

Stay put. If you've been in your current home for four years or longer, and with your current employer for five years or more, you rack up points.

Lenders also look at your spending behavior. For instance, how close are you to the limits on your various cards? How many cards do you use? What do you carry in balances?

If your report contains errors, write to the credit bureau immediately. Explain what's wrong. For example, suppose your record indicates that you have an account at Macy's that is overdue. In fact, you have closed your account at Macy's and owe nothing. In your note to the bureau, be specific: "I closed my Macy's account in 1996. The balance is paid off." If you are in a hurry to get the matter cleared up, you might write to the creditor also.

Many of the things that count against you are the obvious ones: late payments, court judgments, an account that was turned over to a collection agency and, of course, bankruptcy.

There are pros and cons to the credit scoring system. On the plus side, it eliminates discrimination because approval is based on raw numbers. On the other hand, the scores don't take into account consumers who have exceptional circumstances. If the score is too low, they're turned down. Still, you must understand how it works if you're going to get it to work for you.